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The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They can be classified as the family Estrildidae (weaver-finch), or as a subfamily within the family Passeridae, which strictly defined comprises the Old World sparrows. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but vary widely in plumage colours and patterns. All the estrildids build large, domed nests and lay five to ten white eggs. Many species build roost nests. Some of the fire-finches and pytilias are hosts to the brood-parasitic indigobirds and whydahs, respectively. Most are sensitive to cold and require warm, usually tropical, habitats, although a few have adapted to the cooler climates of southern Australia. The smallest species of the family is the Shelley's oliveback (''Nesocharis shelleyi'') at a mere , although the lightest species is the black-rumped waxbill (''Estrilda troglodytes'') at . The largest species is the Java sparrow (''Padda oryzivora''), at and . ==Species list== * Antpeckers, genus ''Parmoptila'' * * Red-fronted antpecker, ''Parmoptila rubrifrons'' * * Jameson's antpecker, ''Parmoptila jamesoni'' – often included in ''P. rubrifrons'' * * Woodhouse's antpecker, ''Parmoptila woodhousei'' * Nigritas, genus ''Nigrita'' * * White-breasted nigrita, ''Nigrita fusconota'' * * Chestnut-breasted nigrita, ''Nigrita bicolor'' * * Pale-fronted nigrita, ''Nigrita luteifrons'' * * Grey-headed nigrita, ''Nigrita canicapilla'' * Olivebacks, genus ''Nesocharis'' * * White-collared oliveback, ''Nesocharis ansorgei'' * * Shelley's oliveback, ''Nesocharis shelleyi'' * * Grey-headed oliveback, ''Nesocharis capistrata'' * Pytilias, genus ''Pytilia'' * * Orange-winged pytilia, ''Pytilia afra'' * * Red-winged pytilia, ''Pytilia phoenicoptera'' * * Red-billed pytilia, ''Pytilia lineata'' * * Green-winged pytilia, ''Pytilia melba'' * * Yellow-winged pytilia, ''Pytilia hypogrammica'' * Crimsonwings, genus ''Cryptospiza'' * * Red-faced crimsonwing, ''Cryptospiza reichenovii'' * * Abyssinian crimsonwing, ''Cryptospiza salvadorii'' * * Dusky crimsonwing, ''Cryptospiza jacksoni'' * * Shelley's crimsonwing, ''Cryptospiza shelleyi'' * Seedcrackers, genus ''Pyrenestes'' * * Crimson seedcracker, ''Pyrenestes sanguineus'' * * Black-bellied seedcracker, ''Pyrenestes ostrinus'' * * Lesser seedcracker, ''Pyrenestes minor'' * Bluebills, genus ''Spermophaga'' * * Grant's bluebill, ''Spermophaga poliogenys'' * * Western bluebill, ''Spermophaga haematina'' * * Red-headed bluebill, ''Spermophaga ruficapilla'' * Genus ''Mandingoa'' * * Green-backed twinspot, ''Mandingoa nitidula'' * Genus ''Clytospiza'' * * Brown twinspot, ''Clytospiza monteiri'' * Genus ''Hypargos'' * * Red-throated twinspot, ''Hypargos niveoguttatus'' * * Pink-throated twinspot, ''Hypargos margaritatus'' * Genus ''Euschistospiza'' * * Dybowski's twinspot, ''Euschistospiza dybowskii'' * * Dusky twinspot, ''Euschistospiza cinereovinacea'' * Firefinches, genus ''Lagonosticta'' * * Bar-breasted firefinch, ''Lagonosticta rufopicta'' * * Brown firefinch, ''Lagonosticta nitidula'' * * Red-billed firefinch, ''Lagonosticta senegala'' * * Black-bellied firefinch, ''Lagonosticta rara'' * * African firefinch, ''Lagonosticta rubricata'' * * Landana firefinch, ''Lagonosticta landanae'' * * Jameson's firefinch, ''Lagonosticta rhodopareia'' * * Mali firefinch, ''Lagonosticta virata'' * * Rock firefinch, ''Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis'' * * Black-faced firefinch, ''Lagonosticta larvata'' * * Chad firefinch, ''Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis'' * Cordon-bleus, genus ''Uraeginthus'' * * Blue waxbill, ''Uraeginthus angolensis'' * * Red-cheeked cordon-bleu, ''Uraeginthus bengalus'' * * Blue-capped cordon-bleu, ''Uraeginthus cyanocephalus'' * * Purple grenadier, ''Uraeginthus ianthinogaster'' * * Violet-eared waxbill, ''Uraeginthus granatinus'' * Genus ''Coccopygia'' * * Yellow-bellied waxbill, ''Coccopygia quartinia'' * * Swee waxbill, ''Coccopygia melanotis'' * Waxbills, genus ''Estrilda'' * * Lavender waxbill, ''Estrilda caerulescens'' * * Grey waxbill, ''Estrilda perreini'' * * Cinderella waxbill, ''Estrilda thomensis'' * * Fawn-breasted waxbill, ''Estrilda paludicola'' * * Anambra waxbill, ''Estrilda poliopareia'' * * Orange-cheeked waxbill, ''Estrilda melpoda'' * * Arabian waxbill, ''Estrilda rufibarba'' * * Crimson-rumped waxbill, ''Estrilda rhodopyga'' * * Black-rumped waxbill, ''Estrilda troglodytes'' * * Common waxbill, ''Estrilda astrild'' * * Black-lored waxbill, ''Estrilda nigriloris'' * * Black-crowned waxbill, ''Estrilda nonnula'' * * Black-headed waxbill, ''Estrilda atricapilla'' * * Kandt's waxbill, ''Estrilda kandti'' * * Black-faced waxbill, ''Estrilda erythronotos'' * * Black-cheeked waxbill, ''Estrilda charmosyna'' * Avadavats, genus ''Amandava'' * * Red avadavat, ''Amandava amandava'' also known as red munia * * Green avadavat, ''Amandava formosa'' * * Orange-breasted waxbill, ''Amandava subflava'' * Quailfinches, genus ''Ortygospiza'' * * Black-chinned quailfinch, ''Ortygospiza gabonensis'' * * Black-faced quailfinch, ''Ortygospiza atricollis'' * * African quailfinch, ''Ortygospiza fuscocrissa'' * Genus ''Paludipasser'' * * Locust finch, ''Paludipasser locustella'' * Genus ''Emblema'' * * Painted finch, ''Emblema pictum'' * Genus ''Stagonopleura'' * * Beautiful firetail, ''Stagonopleura bella'' * * Red-eared firetail, ''Stagonopleura oculata'' * * Diamond firetail, ''Stagonopleura guttata'' * Genus ''Oreostruthus'' * * Mountain firetail, ''Oreostruthus fuliginosus'' * Genus ''Neochmia'' * * Red-browed finch, ''Neochmia temporalis'' * * Crimson finch, ''Neochmia phaeton'' * * Star finch, ''Neochmia ruficauda'' * * Plum-headed finch, ''Neochmia modesta'' * Genus ''Taeniopygia'' * * Zebra finch, ''Taeniopygia guttata'' * * Double-barred finch, ''Taeniopygia bichenovii'' * Genus ''Poephila'' * * Masked finch, ''Poephila personata'' * * Long-tailed finch, ''Poephila acuticauda'' * * Black-throated finch, ''Poephila cincta'' * Parrotfinches, genus ''Erythrura'' * * Tawny-breasted parrotfinch, ''Erythrura hyperythra'' * * Pin-tailed parrotfinch, ''Erythrura prasina'' * * Green-faced parrotfinch, ''Erythrura viridifacies'' * * Tricolored parrotfinch, ''Erythrura tricolor'' * * Blue-faced parrotfinch, ''Erythrura trichroa'' * * Red-eared parrotfinch, ''Erythrura coloria'' * * Papuan parrotfinch, ''Erythrura papuana'' * * Red-throated parrotfinch, ''Erythrura psittacea'' * * Fiji parrotfinch, ''Erythrura pealii'' * * Red-headed parrotfinch, ''Erythrura cyaneovirens'' * * Royal parrotfinch, ''Erythrura regia'' * * Pink-billed parrotfinch, ''Erythrura kleinschmidti'' * * Gouldian finch, ''Erythrura gouldiae'' * Munias, mannikins and silverbills, genus ''Lonchura'' * * Madagascar mannikin, ''Lonchura nana'' * * African silverbill, ''Lonchura cantans'' * * Indian silverbill, ''Lonchura malabarica'' also known as white-throated munia * * Grey-headed silverbill, ''Lonchura griseicapilla'' * * Bronze mannikin, ''Lonchura cucullata'' also known as bronze munia * * Black-and-white mannikin, ''Lonchura bicolor'' also known as black-and-white munia * * Red-backed mannikin, ''Lonchura nigriceps'' also known as brown-backed munia * * Magpie mannikin, ''Lonchura fringilloides'' also known as magpie munia * * White-rumped munia, ''Lonchura striata'' * * Javan munia, ''Lonchura leucogastroides'' * * Dusky munia, ''Lonchura fuscans'' * * Black-faced munia, ''Lonchura molucca'' * * Black-throated munia, ''Lonchura kelaarti'' also known as Jerdon's mannikin * * Scaly-breasted munia, ''Lonchura punctulata'' also known as nutmeg mannikin or spice finch * * White-bellied munia, ''Lonchura leucogastra'' * * Streak-headed munia, ''Lonchura tristissima'' * * Chestnut munia, ''Lonchura atricapilla'' * * Tricoloured munia, ''Lonchura malacca'' * * White-capped munia, ''Lonchura ferruginosa'' * * Cream-bellied munia, ''Lonchura pallidiventer'' * * Five-coloured munia, ''Lonchura quinticolor'' * * White-headed munia, ''Lonchura maja'' * * Pale-headed munia, ''Lonchura pallida'' * * Great-billed mannikin, ''Lonchura grandis'' * * Grey-banded mannikin, ''Lonchura vana'' * * Grey-crowned mannikin, ''Lonchura nevermanni'' * * Hooded mannikin, ''Lonchura spectabilis'' * * Grey-headed mannikin, ''Lonchura caniceps'' * * Hunstein's mannikin, ''Lonchura hunsteini'' * * Forbes's mannikin, ''Lonchura forbesi'' * * New Hanover mannikin, ''Lonchura nigerrima'' * * Yellow-rumped mannikin, ''Lonchura flaviprymna'' * * Chestnut-breasted mannikin, ''Lonchura castaneothorax'' * * Black mannikin, ''Lonchura stygia'' * * Black-breasted mannikin, ''Lonchura teerinki'' * * Western alpine mannikin, ''Lonchura montana'' * * Eastern alpine mannikin, ''Lonchura monticola'' * * Buff-bellied mannikin, ''Lonchura melaena'' * * Java sparrow, ''Lonchura oryzivora'' * * Timor sparrow, ''Lonchura fuscata'' * Genus ''Heteromunia'' * * Pictorella mannikin, ''Heteromunia pectoralis'' * Cut-throats, genus ''Amadina'' * * Cut-throat finch, ''Amadina fasciata'' * * Red-headed finch, ''Amadina erythrocephala'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「estrildid finch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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